Binds AI developers / providers / deployers / users; extraterritorial (local representative required). Three-tier risk classification; high-risk AI needs conformity assessment + registration (general grace to 1 Mar 2027).
Sector-differentiated grace period: 12 months (to 1 Mar 2027) for most sectors; 18 months (to 1 Sep 2027) for healthcare, education and finance. Implementing Decree 142/2026/ND-CP in force 1 May 2026.
Stated maximum penalty — Admin fines up to ₫2B (decree-set)
Binds Providers / deployers of generative AI and user-facing AI systems. Machine-readable labels on AI media; disclose when users interact with AI; deceptive deepfakes banned.
Binds Operators and providers of the 46 designated high-risk AI systems in Vietnam. Designates 46 specific AI systems as high-risk; new deployments require pre-deployment conformity assessment from Aug 15 2026.
Existing systems have transition period: March 1, 2027 (most sectors) or September 1, 2027 (healthcare, education, banking).
Stated maximum penalty — Enforcement under Vietnam AI Law 134/2025 / Decree 142
When does Law on AI (Law 134/2025/QH15) take effect in Vietnam?
The next dated obligation under Law on AI (Law 134/2025/QH15) applies on August 15, 2026. 2 obligations are already in force.
Who must comply with AI rules in Vietnam?
Current obligations bind, among others, AI developers / providers / deployers / users; extraterritorial (local representative required); Providers / deployers of generative AI and user-facing AI systems. Scope and thresholds vary per instrument — see each row's source for the legal text.
What are the penalties for AI non-compliance in Vietnam?
Stated statutory maxima include: Law 134/2025/QH15 — Admin fines up to ₫2B (decree-set); Law 134/2025/QH15 — Admin fines (decree-set). These are the maximum amounts in the instruments; actual enforcement is at the regulator's discretion.
Not legal advice. Each obligation links to its primary source and carries the date it was last checked; verify the legal text before relying on it.