{
 "version": 1,
 "obligations": [
  {
   "uid": "eu-aia-art101",
   "region": "EU",
   "jurisdiction_label": "EU",
   "title": "GPAI enforcement & fines (Art. 101)",
   "summary": "Commission may fine GPAI providers; supervision powers begin.",
   "binds": "GPAI model providers (enforced by the Commission / AI Office)",
   "roles": [
    "provider"
   ],
   "date": "2026-08-02",
   "lifecycle": "dateset",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Up to 3% global turnover or €15M",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-22",
   "source_url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/101/",
   "law_short": "EU AI Act"
  },
  {
   "uid": "eu-aia-art50",
   "region": "EU",
   "jurisdiction_label": "EU",
   "title": "Article 50 transparency & deepfake labelling",
   "summary": "Disclosure of AI interaction; marking of AI-generated content.",
   "binds": "Providers & deployers of interactive, synthetic-content or biometric AI",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer",
    "chatbot"
   ],
   "date": "2026-08-02",
   "lifecycle": "dateset",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Up to 3% turnover or €15M",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-22",
   "source_url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/50/",
   "law_short": "EU AI Act"
  },
  {
   "uid": "eu-aia-prohibitions",
   "region": "EU",
   "jurisdiction_label": "EU",
   "title": "Prohibited AI practices (Art. 5)",
   "summary": "Bans on social scoring, manipulative AI, untargeted scraping.",
   "binds": "All providers & deployers of AI systems in the EU",
   "roles": [
    "all"
   ],
   "date": "2025-02-02",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Up to 7% global turnover or €35M",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-20",
   "source_url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/5/",
   "law_short": "EU AI Act"
  },
  {
   "uid": "eu-aia-gpai-annex-xi",
   "region": "EU",
   "jurisdiction_label": "EU",
   "title": "GPAI obligations incl. Annex XI energy/compute docs",
   "summary": "Technical documentation, training summary, energy disclosure.",
   "binds": "Providers of general-purpose AI models",
   "roles": [
    "provider"
   ],
   "date": "2025-08-02",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Up to 3% turnover or €15M",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "checked": "2026-06-20",
   "source_url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/53/",
   "law_short": "EU AI Act"
  },
  {
   "uid": "eu-aia-highrisk-annex3",
   "region": "EU",
   "jurisdiction_label": "EU",
   "title": "High-risk AI obligations (Annex III)",
   "summary": "Omnibus defers this from 2 Aug 2026 to 2 Dec 2027: EU Parliament adopted 16 Jun 2026; Council adoption + OJ publication still pending, so the original date legally stands until then.",
   "binds": "Providers & deployers of Annex III high-risk AI (employment, credit, education, biometrics, law enforcement, migration)",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "2027-12-02",
   "lifecycle": "proposed",
   "status_note": "Pending — Digital Omnibus deferral (Parliament-adopted 16 Jun 2026; Council adoption + OJ publication still pending). The original 2 Aug 2026 date legally stands until publication.",
   "max_penalty": "Up to 3% turnover or €15M",
   "confidence": "low",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/113/",
   "law_short": "EU AI Act (Digital Omnibus)"
  },
  {
   "uid": "eu-aia-new-prohibitions-csam",
   "region": "EU",
   "jurisdiction_label": "EU",
   "title": "New prohibitions — AI CSAM / intimate imagery",
   "summary": "New Art. 5 prohibition added by the Digital Omnibus; Parliament-adopted 16 Jun 2026, formal Council adoption pending.",
   "binds": "All providers / deployers of such AI systems",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "2026-12-02",
   "lifecycle": "proposed",
   "status_note": "Pending — new Art. 5 prohibition added by the Digital Omnibus (Parliament-adopted 16 Jun 2026).",
   "max_penalty": "Up to 7% turnover or €35M",
   "confidence": "low",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/5/",
   "law_short": "EU AI Act (Digital Omnibus)"
  },
  {
   "uid": "us-ca-sb942",
   "region": "US",
   "jurisdiction_label": "US · CA",
   "title": "California AI Transparency Act (SB 942)",
   "summary": "AI-detection tool + content provenance for >1M-user providers.",
   "binds": "Covered GenAI providers with >1M monthly users accessible in California",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "chatbot"
   ],
   "date": "2026-08-02",
   "lifecycle": "dateset",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Civil penalties per violation/day",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-21",
   "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB942",
   "law_short": "SB 942 (amd. AB 853)"
  },
  {
   "uid": "us-co-sb26-189",
   "region": "US",
   "jurisdiction_label": "US · CO",
   "title": "Colorado AI Act (SB 26-189)",
   "summary": "ADMT documentation, consumer notice & appeal rights.",
   "binds": "Developers & deployers of automated decision-making tech in consequential decisions",
   "roles": [
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "2027-01-01",
   "lifecycle": "dateset",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "AG enforcement; per violation",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-21",
   "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb26-189",
   "law_short": "SB 26-189"
  },
  {
   "uid": "us-il-hb3773",
   "region": "US",
   "jurisdiction_label": "US · IL",
   "title": "Illinois AI in employment (HB 3773)",
   "summary": "Bars discriminatory AI use in hiring; notice required.",
   "binds": "Employers & employment agencies using AI in employment decisions",
   "roles": [
    "hiring",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "2026-01-01",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "IDHR enforcement",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-19",
   "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=3773&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112&GA=103",
   "law_short": "PA 103-0804"
  },
  {
   "uid": "us-nyc-ll144",
   "region": "US",
   "jurisdiction_label": "US · NYC",
   "title": "NYC Local Law 144 — AEDT bias audit",
   "summary": "Annual bias audit + published summary + candidate notice.",
   "binds": "NYC employers & agencies using automated employment decision tools (AEDTs)",
   "roles": [
    "hiring",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "2023-01-01",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "$500–$1,500 per violation/day",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-18",
   "source_url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/about/automated-employment-decision-tools.page",
   "law_short": "NYC LL 144"
  },
  {
   "uid": "us-ca-sb243",
   "region": "US",
   "jurisdiction_label": "US · CA",
   "title": "California companion-chatbot safeguards (SB 243)",
   "summary": "AI-status disclosure + self-harm protocols.",
   "binds": "Operators of companion-chatbot platforms available in California",
   "roles": [
    "chatbot"
   ],
   "date": "2026-01-01",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Private right of action",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-19",
   "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243",
   "law_short": "SB 243"
  },
  {
   "uid": "us-tx-traiga",
   "region": "US",
   "jurisdiction_label": "US · TX",
   "title": "Texas Responsible AI Governance Act (TRAIGA)",
   "summary": "Bans manipulative/discriminatory AI; AG-enforced.",
   "binds": "Persons developing/deploying AI in Texas or serving Texas residents; state agencies",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "2026-01-01",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Up to $200k/violation; $40k/day",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-19",
   "source_url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB149",
   "law_short": "HB 149"
  },
  {
   "uid": "us-federal-takeitdown",
   "region": "US",
   "jurisdiction_label": "US · Federal",
   "title": "TAKE IT DOWN Act",
   "summary": "Bans non-consensual intimate imagery incl. AI deepfakes; covered platforms must remove within 48h (notice-and-removal duty live 19 May 2026).",
   "binds": "Anyone publishing non-consensual intimate imagery; covered online platforms (notice-and-removal)",
   "roles": [
    "deployer",
    "chatbot"
   ],
   "date": "2025-05-19",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "FTC enforcement; criminal penalties",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146",
   "law_short": "TAKE IT DOWN Act (PL 119-12)"
  },
  {
   "uid": "us-ca-sb53",
   "region": "US",
   "jurisdiction_label": "US · CA",
   "title": "SB 53 — Frontier AI Transparency Act",
   "summary": "Safety frameworks + critical-incident reporting to Cal OES for frontier developers.",
   "binds": "Frontier AI developers (>1e26 training ops); large frontier developers (>$500M revenue)",
   "roles": [
    "provider"
   ],
   "date": "2026-01-01",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Up to $1M per violation",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53",
   "law_short": "SB 53 (TFAIA)"
  },
  {
   "uid": "us-ca-ab2013",
   "region": "US",
   "jurisdiction_label": "US · CA",
   "title": "AB 2013 — GenAI training-data transparency",
   "summary": "Public dataset-summary disclosure for generative AI offered to Californians.",
   "binds": "Developers of generative AI systems made available to Californians",
   "roles": [
    "provider"
   ],
   "date": "2026-01-01",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Civil enforcement",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2013",
   "law_short": "AB 2013"
  },
  {
   "uid": "us-ny-raise",
   "region": "US",
   "jurisdiction_label": "US · NY",
   "title": "RAISE Act — frontier AI safety",
   "summary": "Safety/security protocols + 72h incident reporting to NY AG/DHSES.",
   "binds": "Large frontier developers (>1e26 ops, >$500M revenue) operating in New York",
   "roles": [
    "provider"
   ],
   "date": "2027-01-01",
   "lifecycle": "dateset",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Up to $1M / $3M",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-signs-nation-leading-legislation-require-ai-frameworks-ai-frontier-models",
   "law_short": "RAISE Act (S1169-A)"
  },
  {
   "uid": "cn-genai-interim",
   "region": "CN",
   "jurisdiction_label": "China",
   "title": "Generative AI Interim Measures",
   "summary": "Security assessment, algorithm filing and content controls for public-facing GenAI services.",
   "binds": "Providers of public-facing generative AI services in mainland China",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "chatbot"
   ],
   "date": "2023-08-15",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Rectification, suspension, criminal referral",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/generative-ai-interim/",
   "law_short": "CAC GenAI Interim Measures"
  },
  {
   "uid": "cn-ai-labelling",
   "region": "CN",
   "jurisdiction_label": "China",
   "title": "AI-content labelling (+ GB 45438-2025)",
   "summary": "Explicit (visible) and implicit (metadata/watermark) labels on AI-generated content.",
   "binds": "AI-content service & propagation platforms, app stores, and users",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer",
    "chatbot"
   ],
   "date": "2025-09-01",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "CAC administrative penalties",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/ai-labeling/",
   "law_short": "CAC AI-Labelling Measures"
  },
  {
   "uid": "cn-deep-synthesis",
   "region": "CN",
   "jurisdiction_label": "China",
   "title": "Deep Synthesis Provisions",
   "summary": "Conspicuous labelling and consent for synthetic media / deepfakes.",
   "binds": "Deep-synthesis service providers, technical supporters, and users",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "chatbot"
   ],
   "date": "2023-01-10",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Rectification, suspension, criminal referral",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis/",
   "law_short": "CAC Deep Synthesis Provisions"
  },
  {
   "uid": "kr-aibasic-transparency",
   "region": "KR",
   "jurisdiction_label": "S. Korea",
   "title": "AI Basic Act — transparency & labelling",
   "summary": "Pre-notify users that a service uses AI; label generative and realistic synthetic outputs.",
   "binds": "AI business operators offering AI products/services in Korea (extraterritorial)",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer",
    "chatbot"
   ],
   "date": "2026-01-22",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "MSIT enforcement grace period through ~2026.",
   "max_penalty": "Admin fine up to ₩30M",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=268543",
   "law_short": "AI Basic Act"
  },
  {
   "uid": "kr-aibasic-highimpact",
   "region": "KR",
   "jurisdiction_label": "S. Korea",
   "title": "AI Basic Act — high-impact AI duties",
   "summary": "Risk management, human oversight and impact assessment for high-impact / advanced AI (MSIT enforcement grace period through 2026).",
   "binds": "Operators of high-impact AI and advanced / high-compute AI",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "2026-01-22",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "MSIT is running an enforcement grace period through ~2026.",
   "max_penalty": "Admin fine up to ₩30M",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/eng/bbs/view.do?sCode=eng&mId=4&mPid=2&bbsSeqNo=42&nttSeqNo=1071",
   "law_short": "AI Basic Act"
  },
  {
   "uid": "jp-ai-promotion",
   "region": "JP",
   "jurisdiction_label": "Japan",
   "title": "AI Promotion Act in force",
   "summary": "Japan’s horizontal AI statute — a promotional framework (national AI plan + strategy HQ); imposes no penalties on businesses.",
   "binds": "Government, research institutions and business operators (non-binding cooperation duty)",
   "roles": [
    "all"
   ],
   "date": "2025-09-01",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "Comprehensive horizontal statute, but promotional — imposes no penalties on business.",
   "max_penalty": "None — public name-and-shame only",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/ai/ai_hou_gaiyou_en.pdf",
   "law_short": "AI Promotion Act (2025)"
  },
  {
   "uid": "vn-ai-law-risk",
   "region": "VN",
   "jurisdiction_label": "Vietnam",
   "title": "Law on AI — risk-tiered obligations",
   "summary": "Three-tier risk classification; high-risk AI needs conformity assessment + registration (general grace to 1 Mar 2027).",
   "binds": "AI developers / providers / deployers / users; extraterritorial (local representative required)",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "2026-03-01",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "Grace period: general to 1 Mar 2027 (18 months for health, education and finance).",
   "max_penalty": "Admin fines up to ₫2B (decree-set)",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://english.luatvietnam.vn/law-no-134-2025-qh15-of-the-national-assembly-on-artificial-intelligence",
   "law_short": "Law 134/2025/QH15"
  },
  {
   "uid": "vn-ai-law-labelling",
   "region": "VN",
   "jurisdiction_label": "Vietnam",
   "title": "AI-content labelling & interaction disclosure",
   "summary": "Machine-readable labels on AI media; disclose when users interact with AI; deceptive deepfakes banned.",
   "binds": "Providers / deployers of generative AI and user-facing AI systems",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "chatbot"
   ],
   "date": "2026-03-01",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Admin fines (decree-set)",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://english.luatvietnam.vn/law-no-134-2025-qh15-of-the-national-assembly-on-artificial-intelligence",
   "law_short": "Law 134/2025/QH15"
  },
  {
   "uid": "pe-ai-law-reglamento",
   "region": "PE",
   "jurisdiction_label": "Peru",
   "title": "AI Law 31814 + Reglamento — risk-based regime",
   "summary": "Prohibited / high-risk / acceptable tiers; high-risk AI needs prior evaluation, human oversight and transparency.",
   "binds": "Public and private AI developers / deployers",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "2026-01-22",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Referral to data-protection / Indecopi",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2436426-1",
   "law_short": "Ley 31814 + DS 115-2025-PCM"
  },
  {
   "uid": "in-it-rules-sgi",
   "region": "IN",
   "jurisdiction_label": "India",
   "title": "IT Rules — synthetic-content (deepfake) labelling",
   "summary": "Permanent labels on AI-generated media + rapid takedown; significant-platform traceability.",
   "binds": "Intermediaries, significant social-media intermediaries (5M+ users), GenAI tool providers",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer",
    "chatbot"
   ],
   "date": "2025-11-15",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Loss of safe harbour; IT Act offences",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/10/8e40cdd134cd92dd783a37556428c370.pdf",
   "law_short": "IT Rules amendments (SGI)"
  },
  {
   "uid": "uk-sectoral-principles",
   "region": "UK",
   "jurisdiction_label": "UK",
   "title": "Sectoral regulator AI principles",
   "summary": "Principles-based; ICO, CMA, Ofcom and FCA apply existing law to AI. No horizontal AI statute.",
   "binds": "Existing regulators (ICO, CMA, Ofcom, FCA) and the firms they oversee",
   "roles": [
    "all"
   ],
   "date": "",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "Sector regulator powers",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10003/",
   "law_short": "UK pro-innovation framework"
  },
  {
   "uid": "uk-ai-reg-bill",
   "region": "UK",
   "jurisdiction_label": "UK",
   "title": "AI (Regulation) Bill [HL] proposed",
   "summary": "Private Member’s Bill to create an AI Authority; no government backing, unlikely as drafted.",
   "binds": "Would create an AI Authority binding AI actors (if enacted)",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "",
   "lifecycle": "proposed",
   "status_note": "Private Member’s Bill, no government backing; unlikely as drafted.",
   "max_penalty": "",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3942",
   "law_short": "AI (Regulation) Bill [HL]"
  },
  {
   "uid": "br-pl2338",
   "region": "BR",
   "jurisdiction_label": "Brazil",
   "title": "AI Act bill (PL 2338/2023) advancing",
   "summary": "Risk-based, EU-style framework; Senate-approved Dec 2024, now before the Chamber of Deputies.",
   "binds": "Would bind AI providers / deployers once enacted",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "",
   "lifecycle": "proposed",
   "status_note": "Senate-approved Dec 2024; before the Chamber of Deputies.",
   "max_penalty": "Bill: up to R$50M / 2% revenue",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2487262",
   "law_short": "PL 2338/2023"
  },
  {
   "uid": "ca-quebec-law25",
   "region": "CA",
   "jurisdiction_label": "Canada",
   "title": "Quebec Law 25 — automated decision transparency",
   "summary": "Right to be informed + disclosure of key factors for automated decisions using personal info (Quebec).",
   "binds": "Organisations making automated decisions using personal information in Quebec",
   "roles": [
    "deployer",
    "hiring"
   ],
   "date": "2023-09-22",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "",
   "max_penalty": "AMPs up to C$10M / 2% turnover",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.cai.gouv.qc.ca/protection-renseignements-personnels/sujets-et-domaines-dinteret/principaux-changements-loi-25",
   "law_short": "Quebec Law 25 (s.12.1)"
  },
  {
   "uid": "ca-aida-abandoned",
   "region": "CA",
   "jurisdiction_label": "Canada",
   "title": "Federal AIDA (Bill C-27) — abandoned",
   "summary": "Would have set high-impact / GPAI duties; died on prorogation Jan 2025 and was not reintroduced.",
   "binds": "Would have bound high-impact & general-purpose AI — never enacted",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "",
   "lifecycle": "proposed",
   "status_note": "Abandoned — died on prorogation Jan 2025; not reintroduced.",
   "max_penalty": "",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27",
   "law_short": "AIDA (Bill C-27)"
  },
  {
   "uid": "mx-lft-lfda",
   "region": "MX",
   "jurisdiction_label": "Mexico",
   "title": "LFT/LFDA reform — AI use of performers",
   "summary": "Prior written consent + remuneration to clone or simulate a performer’s voice or image.",
   "binds": "Employers / producers using performers’ voice or image via AI; performer contracts",
   "roles": [
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "2026-05-15",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "Published in the DOF 14 May 2026; in force 15 May 2026.",
   "max_penalty": "Civil/authorial + labour liability",
   "confidence": "high",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lft/LFT_ref54_14may26.pdf",
   "law_short": "LFT/LFDA reform (DOF 14 May 2026)"
  },
  {
   "uid": "ae-difc-reg10",
   "region": "AE",
   "jurisdiction_label": "UAE",
   "title": "DIFC Data Protection Regulation 10",
   "summary": "Binding rules for autonomous / AI systems processing personal data in the DIFC; high-risk needs certification or an Autonomous Systems Officer.",
   "binds": "Controllers / operators deploying autonomous or AI systems processing personal data in the DIFC",
   "roles": [
    "provider",
    "deployer"
   ],
   "date": "2026-01-01",
   "lifecycle": "force",
   "status_note": "DIFC free-zone scope; enforcement from early 2026.",
   "max_penalty": "DIFC data-protection fines",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "checked": "2026-06-24",
   "source_url": "https://www.difc.com/business/registrars-and-commissioners/commissioner-of-data-protection/regulation-10",
   "law_short": "DIFC Regulation 10"
  }
 ]
}